The impact of allergies on asthma: what patients should know

It is no secret that seasonal allergies can turn a wonderful time of rebirth, such as spring, into a stuffy, wheezing nightmare that seemingly never ends. And, as if a runny nose and trouble breathing were not enough, patients who also suffer from asthma may be especially affected by discomfort and respiratory issues. Allergies and asthma often share symptoms and can influence one another, leading to a condition known as allergic asthma.

In this article, we will explore the impact of allergies on asthma to gain a deeper understanding of its causes, symptoms, and possible solutions.

What is allergic asthma?

Allergic asthma, also known as allergy-induced asthma, is a condition in which the airways tighten in response to contact with airborne allergens, leading to asthma symptoms such as shortness of breath and wheezing.

It is a very common type of asthma, affecting approximately 60% of asthma patients. It can be detected and diagnosed through simple tests such as spirometry or bronchoprovocation testing.

Why does an allergic reaction cause asthma symptoms?

In people with allergies, the immune system mistakes harmless particles for threats, triggering an excessive reaction to eliminate the allergens. This leads to swelling and increased mucus production, which obstruct the airflow in the airways and result in breathing difficulties.

Symptoms

Allergy-induced asthma attacks can present in a variety of ways. Some patients experience mild breathing discomfort, while others may develop severe respiratory difficulties, chest tightness, and coughing.

Typical asthma symptoms may occur together with allergic symptoms. The most common include:

• Shortness of breath
• Frequent cough, often occurring at night
• Wheezing
• Chest tightness
• Stuffy nose or nasal discharge
• Itchy or watery eyes

How to deal with airborne allergens

Airborne allergens can be found almost everywhere, both indoors and outdoors. Knowing which particles can trigger an allergic reaction and avoiding exposure can help prevent asthma attacks, rather than relying solely on treatment after symptoms arise.

Pet or animal dander

People with allergies who live with pets should be aware of irritants from fur, saliva, skin flakes, or even urine. In these cases, thorough house cleaning is recommended, along with regular pet grooming and bathing.

Pollen

Powdery particles released from trees, grass, and weeds are especially problematic in spring. However, due to rising global temperatures, they can now remain in the air for longer periods. Wearing a face mask and sunglasses can help reduce exposure. Changing clothes as soon as you return home is also recommended to avoid spreading pollen indoors.

Mold

Mold is usually found in humid environments where moisture accumulates on walls or floors releasing spores that can trigger asthma symptoms. Basements are common breeding grounds, but bathrooms and kitchens may also be affected. Regular cleaning is recommended to prevent mold buildup.

Dust mites

Dust mites are microscopic organisms that feed on human skin flakes. Both the mites and their waste can trigger asthma symptoms. They are commonly found in soft surfaces such as mattresses, carpets, and pillows. Regular vacuuming, preferably with HEPA filters, is recommended, along with the use of allergen-proof bedding.

Are you at risk of allergic asthma?

People who suffer from airborne allergies may be at higher risk of developing allergic asthma. Since genetics plays a crucial role in asthma, a family history of allergies is also considered a major risk factor.

How is allergic asthma treated?

When prevention is not enough, medications for allergy-induced asthma may include:

• Leukotriene modifiers, a group of medications that treat both allergies and asthma
• Allergy shots (immunotherapy), regular injections that reduce the immune system’s reaction to allergens
• Rescue inhalers, fast-acting medications that provide immediate relief from asthma symptoms
• Antihistamines, commonly used to reduce allergic reactions
• Corticosteroids, long-term medications that help prevent inflammation in the airways

What to do if you think you may have allergic asthma

If you are experiencing the symptoms described above, or notice recurring patterns during certain times of the year, consult your physician to identify the underlying cause and develop an appropriate treatment plan.

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[SOURCES: MayoClinic.org, My.clevelandclinic.org]